Nigute ibipimo byintebe yibimuga byamashanyarazi bitandukaniye kumasoko atandukanye yigihugu?

Nigute ibipimo byintebe yibimuga byamashanyarazi bitandukaniye kumasoko atandukanye yigihugu?
Nkigikoresho cyingenzi cyimfashanyo igendanwa,ibimuga by'amashanyarazizikoreshwa cyane ku isi. Nyamara, ibihugu bitandukanye byashyizeho ibipimo bitandukanye byintebe y’ibimuga y’amashanyarazi hashingiwe ku isoko ryabo bwite, urwego rwa tekiniki ndetse n’ibisabwa n'amategeko. Ibikurikira ni itandukaniro ryibipimo by’ibimuga by’amashanyarazi mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe bikomeye:

Isoko ryo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru (Amerika, Kanada)
Muri Amerika ya Ruguru, cyane cyane muri Amerika, ibipimo by’umutekano by’intebe z’ibimuga by’amashanyarazi bishyirwaho ahanini n’umuryango w’abanyamerika ushinzwe ibizamini n’ibikoresho (ASTM) hamwe n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubuziranenge muri Amerika (ANSI). Ibipimo ngenderwaho birimo ibisabwa mumutekano wamashanyarazi, uburinganire bwimiterere, imikorere yingufu na sisitemu yo gufata feri yintebe y’ibimuga. Isoko ryo muri Amerika kandi ryita cyane cyane ku gishushanyo mbonera cy’ibimuga by’amashanyarazi no korohereza imikorere y’abakoresha.

Isoko ry’iburayi
Ibipimo by’ibimuga by’iburayi bikurikiza cyane cyane amabwiriza y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, nka EN 12183 na EN 12184.Ibipimo ngenderwaho byerekana uburyo bwo gushushanya, kugerageza no gusuzuma uburyo bw’intebe z’ibimuga by’amashanyarazi, harimo intebe y’ibimuga n’intebe y’ibimuga ifite ibikoresho bifasha amashanyarazi, hamwe n’ibimuga by’amashanyarazi hamwe umuvuduko ntarengwa utarenze 15 km / h. Isoko ry’iburayi naryo rifite ibyo risabwa mu mikorere y’ibidukikije no gukoresha ingufu z’ibimuga by’amashanyarazi.

Isoko rya Aziya ya pasifika (Ubushinwa, Ubuyapani, Koreya y'Epfo)
Mu karere ka Aziya ya pasifika, cyane cyane mu Bushinwa, ibipimo by’intebe z’ibimuga by’amashanyarazi biteganijwe n’urwego rw’igihugu “Ikinyabiziga cy’ibimuga cy’amashanyarazi” GB / T 12996-2012, gikubiyemo ijambo, amahame yo kwita izina icyitegererezo, ibisabwa hejuru, ibisabwa mu nteko, ibisabwa ingano , ibisabwa byimikorere, imbaraga zisabwa, flame retardancy, nibindi byintebe yimuga yamashanyarazi. Ubushinwa nabwo buteganya byimazeyo umuvuduko ntarengwa w’ibimuga by’ibimuga by’amashanyarazi, bitarenze 4.5km / h kuri moderi zo mu nzu kandi ntibirenze 6km / h kuri moderi zo hanze

Uburasirazuba bwo hagati nisoko rya Afrika
Ibipimo by’ibimuga by’ibimuga mu burasirazuba bwo hagati na Afurika biratandukanye. Ibihugu bimwe bishobora kwerekeza ku bipimo by’iburayi cyangwa Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, ariko ibihugu bimwe byashyizeho amabwiriza n’ibipimo byihariye bitewe n’imiterere yabyo. Ibipimo ngenderwaho birashobora gutandukana nibipimo byuburayi n’abanyamerika mubisabwa tekiniki, cyane cyane mumashanyarazi no kurengera ibidukikije

Incamake
Itandukaniro ryibipimo byisoko ryibimuga byamashanyarazi mubihugu bitandukanye bigaragarira cyane cyane mumutekano, kurengera ibidukikije, gukoresha ingufu no kugabanya umuvuduko. Iri tandukaniro ntirigaragaza gusa itandukaniro riri mu rwego rwa tekiniki n’ibisabwa ku bihugu bitandukanye, ahubwo binagaragaza akamaro ibihugu bitandukanye biha mu kurengera uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga no kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’ibikoresho bifasha. Kubera ko isi igenda yiyongera ndetse n’ubucuruzi bwiyongera mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, icyerekezo cy’ibipimo mpuzamahanga by’ibimuga by’ibimuga bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro mu rwego rwo kuzamura isi no gukoresha ibicuruzwa.

Nibihe bice bitavugwaho rumwe cyane murwego rwibimuga byamashanyarazi?

Nka gikoresho gifasha kugendagenda, umutekano nimikorere yintebe y’ibimuga byamashanyarazi byitabiriwe cyane kwisi yose. Hariho amakimbirane ashingiye ku bipimo by’ibimuga by’ibimuga mu bihugu no mu turere dutandukanye. Ibikurikira ni bimwe mu bice bitavugwaho rumwe:

Umwanya wemewe n'amategeko:
Imiterere yemewe yintebe y’ibimuga y’amashanyarazi ntivugwaho rumwe mu bihugu no mu turere dutandukanye. Ahantu hamwe hafatwa intebe z’ibimuga nk’ibinyabiziga kandi bigasaba abakoresha kunyura mu nzira nka plaque, ubwishingizi, ndetse n’ubugenzuzi bw’umwaka, mu gihe hari aho babifata nk’ibinyabiziga bidafite moteri cyangwa ibinyabiziga by’abafite ubumuga, bigatuma abakoresha baba bafite imvi zemewe n'amategeko. akarere. Uku kudasobanuka kwatumye badashobora kurengera byimazeyo uburenganzira n’inyungu z’abakoresha, kandi byazanye ingorane mu micungire y’umuhanda no kubahiriza amategeko.

Umuvuduko ntarengwa:
Umuvuduko ntarengwa wintebe yibimuga ni iyindi ngingo itavugwaho rumwe. Ibihugu bitandukanye bifite amategeko atandukanye ku muvuduko ntarengwa w’ibimuga by’ibimuga. Kurugero, dukurikije Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubuvuzi bw’ubuvuzi “Catalogi y’ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi” ​​hamwe n’ibipimo bifitanye isano, umuvuduko ntarengwa w’ibimuga by’ibimuga byo mu nzu ni kilometero 4.5 mu isaha, naho ubwoko bwo hanze ni kilometero 6 mu isaha. Imipaka yihuta irashobora gutera impaka mubikorwa bifatika, kuberako ibidukikije bitandukanye nibikoreshwa byabakoresha bishobora kuganisha kumyumvire itandukanye kumipaka.

Ibisabwa guhuza amashanyarazi:
Hamwe n'ubwenge bwiyongera bwibimuga byamashanyarazi, guhuza amashanyarazi (EMC) byahindutse ingingo nshya itavugwaho rumwe. Intebe y’ibimuga y’amashanyarazi irashobora kubangamirwa nibindi bikoresho bya elegitoronike mugihe ikora, cyangwa ikabangamira ibindi bikoresho, byabaye ikibazo gikeneye kwitabwaho bidasanzwe mugihe hashyizweho ibipimo mubihugu bimwe na bimwe.

Imikorere yumutekano nuburyo bwo gukora ibizamini:
Imikorere yumutekano nuburyo bwo kugerageza intebe zamashanyarazi nibintu byingenzi mugushiraho ibipimo. Ibihugu bitandukanye bifite ibyangombwa bitandukanye by’umutekano by’ibimuga by’amashanyarazi, kandi uburyo bwo kwipimisha nabwo buratandukanye, ibyo bikaba byateje amakimbirane mpuzamahanga ku kumenyekanisha no kumenyekanisha imikorere y’umutekano w’ibimuga by’amashanyarazi.

Kurengera ibidukikije no gukoresha ingufu:
Kurengera ibidukikije no gukoresha ingufu ni ibintu bivuguruzanya mu bipimo by’ibimuga by’amashanyarazi. Hamwe n’isi yose yibanda ku kurengera ibidukikije n’iterambere rirambye, gukoresha ingufu n’imikorere y’ibidukikije by’ibimuga by’ibimuga byahindutse ibintu bigomba kwitabwaho mu gihe cyo gushyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho, kandi ibihugu n’uturere bitandukanye bifite ibisabwa n’ibipimo bitandukanye muri urwo rwego.

Ibibazo byemewe byintebe zintebe zubwenge:
Hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, ibibazo byamategeko byintebe zintebe zubwenge nabyo byahindutse impaka. Niba intebe z’ibimuga zifite ubwenge zigomba gukemurwa n’ibibazo by’amategeko bijyanye n’ikinyabiziga cyigenga ndetse n’ikoranabuhanga ridafite abapilote, kandi niba abasaza bicaye mu modoka ari abashoferi cyangwa abagenzi, ibyo bibazo ntibisobanutse neza mu mategeko.

Izi ngingo zitavugwaho rumwe ziragaragaza uburinganire bw’ibipimo by’ibimuga by’amashanyarazi ku isi, bisaba ubufatanye n’ubufatanye hagati y’ibihugu n’uturere kugira ngo umutekano, imikorere no kurengera ibidukikije by’ibimuga by’amashanyarazi bitekerezwe kandi byizewe.