Amateka yintebe yibimuga yamashanyarazi: Urugendo rwo guhanga udushya

Menyekanisha

Ibimuga by'amashanyarazibahinduye ubuzima bwabantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni, batanga kugenda nubwigenge kubantu bafite ubumuga. Ibi byavumbuwe bidasanzwe nigisubizo cyimyaka mirongo yo guhanga udushya, ubwubatsi nubuvugizi. Muri iyi blog, tuzasesengura amateka yintebe y’ibimuga y’amashanyarazi, dukurikirane ubwihindurize kuva mubishushanyo mbonera byintoki kugeza kuri moderi igoye y'amashanyarazi tubona uyumunsi.

Gutangira hakiri kare: Intebe yimuga

Ivuka ryibimuga

Igitekerezo cyintebe yimuga cyatangiye kera. Intebe y’ibimuga izwi cyane yakozwe mu kinyejana cya gatandatu Umwami Filipo wa II wa Espanye. Igikoresho cyari intebe yoroshye yimbaho ​​yashizwe kumuziga kugirango umwami azenguruke byoroshye. Mu binyejana byashize, amagare y’ibimuga yagiye ahinduka kandi ibishushanyo byayo byabaye ingorabahizi. Mu kinyejana cya 19, intebe y’ibimuga ya mbere yazindutse yasohotse, bituma ubwikorezi bworoha.

Imipaka yintebe yimuga

Mugihe intebe yimuga yintoki itanga kugenda, bisaba imbaraga nyinshi zo mumubiri zo hejuru no kwihangana. Izi ntebe z’ibimuga akenshi ntizihagije kubantu bafite imbaraga nke cyangwa kugenda. Gukenera igisubizo cyoroshye byarushijeho kugaragara, bishyiraho urwego rwo guteza imbere amagare y’ibimuga.

Ivuka ry'intebe y'abamugaye

Ikinyejana cya 20: Igihe cyo guhanga udushya

Intangiriro yikinyejana cya 20 cyari igihe cyiterambere ryihuse. Ivumburwa rya moteri yamashanyarazi yafunguye uburyo bushya kubikoresho bigendanwa. Porotipi ya mbere y’amashanyarazi y’ibimuga yatangiye kugaragara mu myaka ya za 1930, cyane cyane ku bafite ubumuga batewe na poliole n’izindi ndwara.

Intebe yambere yamashanyarazi

Mu 1952, Umunyamerika wavumbuye George Klein yateje imbere igare ry’ibimuga rya mbere ry’amashanyarazi, rizwi ku izina rya “Klein Electric Wheelchair.” Igishushanyo mbonera gikoresha moteri ikoreshwa na bateri na moteri ya joysticks. Ivumburwa rya Klein ryasimbutse cyane, riha abakoresha ubwigenge no kugenda.

Iterambere mubishushanyo n'ikoranabuhanga

1960 na 1970: Gutunganya no kumenyekana

Intebe y’ibimuga yamamaye cyane, abayikora batangiye kunoza ibishushanyo byabo. Kwinjiza ibikoresho byoroheje nka aluminium na plastike byatumye intebe y’ibimuga yoroha kandi byoroshye kuyobora. Byongeye kandi, iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rya batiri ryemerera igihe kinini cyo gukoresha no kwishyurwa byihuse.

Kuzamuka kwimikorere

Mu myaka ya za 70, intebe z’ibimuga zifite imbaraga. Abakoresha barashobora guhitamo mubintu bitandukanye, harimo imyanya ishobora guhinduka, kugoreka no kugoreka, hamwe nubugenzuzi bwihariye. Uku kwihitiramo kwemerera abantu guhitamo igare ryibimuga kubyo bakeneye byihariye, kunoza ihumure no gukoreshwa.

Uruhare rw'ubuvugizi n'amategeko

Umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw'abafite ubumuga

Mu myaka ya za 1960 na 1970 hagaragaye kandi umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga, washyigikiraga ko abantu bafite ubumuga barushaho kugerwaho no kwishyira hamwe. Abaharanira inyungu baharanira amategeko arengera uburenganzira bungana no kugera ku mwanya rusange, uburezi n’akazi.

Itegeko ryo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe ryo mu 1973

Kimwe mu bice by'ingenzi by’amategeko ni itegeko ryo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe ryo mu 1973, ryabuzaga ivangura rikorerwa ababana n'ubumuga muri gahunda zatewe inkunga na leta. Uyu mushinga w'itegeko utegura inzira yo kongera inkunga mu ikoranabuhanga rifasha, harimo n'intebe z'abamugaye, bituma barushaho kugera ku babikeneye.

1980 na 1990: Iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga

Ikoranabuhanga rya Microprocessor

Kwinjiza tekinoroji ya microprocessor mu myaka ya za 1980 byahinduye intebe y’ibimuga. Iterambere ryemerera sisitemu zo kugenzura zinoze, zemerera abakoresha kuyobora intebe zabo zintebe kandi neza. Ibiranga kugenzura umuvuduko, gutahura inzitizi hamwe na porogaramu zishobora kuza bisanzwe.

Kugaragara kw'ibikoresho bifasha imbaraga

Muri kiriya gihe, ibikoresho bifasha amashanyarazi nabyo byatejwe imbere kugirango abakoresha intebe y’ibimuga bungukirwe n’ubufasha bw’amashanyarazi. Ibi bikoresho birashobora kwomekwa kumuga wibimuga bihari kugirango bitange imbaraga zinyongera mugihe bikenewe.

Ikinyejana cya 21: Ikoranabuhanga ryubwenge nigihe kizaza

Kwishyira hamwe kwikoranabuhanga ryubwenge

Kwinjira mu kinyejana cya 21, intebe z’ibimuga z’amashanyarazi zatangiye gushyiramo ikoranabuhanga ryubwenge. Ibiranga nka Bluetooth ihuza, porogaramu za terefone na sisitemu yo kugendana na GPS irahari, bituma abayikoresha bagenzura kure intebe y’ibimuga kandi bakabona amakuru nyayo yerekeye ibidukikije.

Kuzamuka kw'ibimuga byigenga

Iterambere rya vuba muri robo n’ubwenge bw’ubukorikori ryateje imbere iterambere ry’ibimuga by’amashanyarazi byigenga. Ibi bikoresho bishya birashobora kuyobora ibidukikije bigoye, birinda inzitizi, ndetse no gutwara abakoresha ahantu runaka nta byinjijwe nintoki. Nubwo bikiri mubyiciro byubushakashatsi, tekinoroji ifite amasezerano akomeye yigihe kizaza.

Ingaruka zintebe zamashanyarazi kumuryango

Kongera ubwigenge

Intebe z’ibimuga zamashanyarazi zagize ingaruka zikomeye mubuzima bwabafite ubumuga. Mugutanga umuvuduko mwinshi nubwigenge, ibyo bikoresho bifasha abakoresha kwitabira byuzuye muri societe. Abantu benshi bigeze kwishingikiriza kubarezi kugirango batwarwe ubu barashobora kuyobora ibidukikije bigenga.

Guhindura imyumvire kubumuga

Gukoresha cyane intebe z’ibimuga n’amashanyarazi nabyo bifasha guhindura imyumvire yabantu bafite ubumuga. Mugihe abantu benshi bafite ubumuga bahinduka abitabira ibikorwa byabo, imyumvire yimibereho irahinduka, biganisha ku kwemerwa no kwishyira hamwe.

Ibibazo hamwe nicyerekezo kizaza

Kugerwaho no Kwemerwa

Nubwo iterambere ryiterambere ryibimuga ryibimuga, ibibazo biracyahari. Kugerwaho no guhendwa bikomeje kuba inzitizi zikomeye kubantu benshi. Nubwo ubwishingizi bwintebe y’ibimuga bwateye imbere, abakoresha benshi baracyafite amafaranga menshi yo mu mufuka.

Gukenera guhanga udushya

Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryikoranabuhanga, igishushanyo mbonera cy’ibimuga gikenera byihutirwa guhanga udushya. Iterambere ry'ejo hazaza rigomba kwibanda ku kuzamura uburambe bwabakoresha, kongera igihe cya bateri no guhuza ibikorwa byumutekano bigezweho.

mu gusoza

Amateka y’ibimuga by’amashanyarazi nubuhamya bwubwenge bwabantu no guharanira ubwigenge badahwema nabafite ubumuga. Kuva mu ntangiriro zicisha bugufi kugeza ku bikoresho bihambaye biriho muri iki gihe, intebe z’ibimuga z’amashanyarazi zahinduye ubuzima bw’abantu kandi zihindura imitekerereze y’abaturage. Kujya imbere, gukomeza guhanga udushya no gukora ubuvugizi bizaba ingenzi kugirango barebe ko ibimuga by’ibimuga bigerwaho kandi bihendutse kubantu bose babikeneye. Urugendo rw'ibimuga rufite imbaraga ntirurangira kandi nta gushidikanya ko ingaruka zarwo zizakomeza kumvikana mu bihe bizaza.